Apparatus for introducing liquid fuel into internal combustion engines



Nov. 15, 1932; K. J. E. HESSELMAN ,8

APPARATUS FOR INTRQDUCING LIQUID FUEL INTO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Dec. 21, 1929 Patented Nov. 15, 1932 UNITED- STATES PATENT orifice KNU'I. Jo As ELIAS nEssELM-AN, or SALTSJ'O-STORANGEN, NEan-a'rocxrrom,

SWEDEN arraaa'rns son INTRODUCING LIQUID FUEL. INTO INTERNAL corrnusrroN. aNGnma Application filed Deeember21, 1929, Serial No. 415,630, and in Sweden January 2, 1929.

The present invention relates to the in troduction of liquid fuel into internal combustion engines and has particular reference to injection nozzles of the type adapted to impart a whirling motion to the fuel before it reaches the discharge orifice or orifices of the nozzle.

Ainongst the more important object-s of the invention are; to provide an improved nozzle from which one or more fuel jets will issue in a very definite direction or directions, which definite direction or directions will be maintained under all operating condit-ions; to provide animproved nozzle of very simple construction which is easy to manufacture and in which the possibility of clogging is minimized; and'to provide an improved nozzle, the form of which readily permits comparatively wide latitude in the .20 choice of the angle or angles at which the nozzle jet or jets issue, with respect to the longitudinalaxis of the nozzle. The manner in which the above objects of the invention are obtained together with other and more specific features of the invention will appear more fully in conjunction withthe ensuing description of suitable forms of apparatus for carrying the invention into effect.

In the accompanying drawing forming a part-of this specification:

Fig. 1 is a sideelevation, partly in section, of one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2'is another viewof the same embodiment taken at right angles to the plane of .Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 1s an end vrewof the 1111181 member of the nozzle shown in Figs. 1 andQ;

Fig. 4 is a. .view similar to Fig. 10f another 4Q embodiment of the invention;

Fig. v5 is a longitudinal section of the em- 7 bodiment shown in Fig. 4 and at right angles to the plane of Fig. 4; and,

Fig.6 is an end view of the inner'member of the, nozzle shown in Figs. 4'arid 5." i

. Referring to Figs. l-to 3 of the drawing,

the numeral 1' indicates the outer member of the nozzle which is in the form of a cylindrical sleeve open at one end and closed at 7, the other end. The open end is provided with orifice, the diameter of the recesses being will propagate into the discharge orifice,

with the diameter of the a base flange 2. The spherically curved inner and outersurfaces of the closed end por tion of the sleeve are concentricwith respect to each other. Two discharge orifices 4 are. formed in the hemispherical end portion '3 of sleeve 1 although it is to be noted that a single orifice or more than twoorifices may be used. The centre lines of the orifices 4 intersect in the centre of curvature of the spherical surfaces of the sleeve portion 3. Inserted in the sleeve 1 is a plug 5 exactly or substantially exactly fitting within the sleeve, said plug 5being formed with a hemispherical end portion corresponding to the inner hemispherical surface of the sleeve por- 'tion 3. Formed in the hemispherical end por- .tion of the plug in register with each dis charge orifice 4 is a cylindrical recess 6 situated coaxlally relatively to the corresponding preferably two to four times that of the orifices 4. Leading to each recess 6 is a fuel supplying passage formed by an open groove 7 in the plug 5 and extending longitudinally from the base end of the plug to the respec tive recess -6 into' which the \oove opens eccentrically or tangentially. y insertion of the plug into the sleeve said grooves will be closed by the wall of the sleeve so as .to form closed passages. Through these passages liquid fuel under high pressure is adapted to be supplied. Such fuel when entering the recesses 6 will be caused to perform an intense whirling motiontherein. Said motion. 5

5 causing an extremely good-atomization of the fuel. H -In order to secure the maintenance of an exactlv definite direction of the injected fuel jets. which is of great importance for many kinds of engines, the length of the discharge orifices 4 should not be too small as compared orifices. By con.- structing the injecting nozzle in the-manner above described it will be easy to keep said length comparatively great, as for instance, equal to the diameter of the orifices or still greater; i The embodiment shown in Figs. 4-6 difierentiates from that above described mainly in that a common fuel supplyin passa e is proof which corresponds to the angle which the centre lines of the orifices and recesses 6 form with the axis ofthe sleeve and plug, as will appear from an inspection of Fig. 4. The inclined side surfaces of the groove 8 will, as a result, cut the recesses 6 along planes which are parallel to the axes of the recesses, and at a comparatively large distance therefrom. This will cause the fuel when entering a recess 6 to perform a rotary motion about the axis of the recess while eliminating the tendency of eddy motions.

From the drawing it will be observed that fuel is introduced into the recesses 6 in a manner such that it is not directed toward the orifices 4 as it leaves the supply channels 7 or 8, but is supplied to the recesses in a di-. rection such that the tendency of the fuel is to rotate generally normal to the axes of the recesses and to move axially of the recesses toward the orifices only because of the pressure under which the fuel is supplied.

It will further be observed that by making the closed end portion of the sleeve 1 with concentric s herically curved surfaces and by having t e center lines of the orifices 4 intersect the center of curvature of the spherically curved surfaces, the orifices 4 will take the form of passages, the ends of which are defined by circles lying in planes normal to the axes of the orifices, regardless of the angle at which the axes of the orifices lie with respect to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle. Thus itis possible to form the nozzle with one or more orifices for directing fuel at any.

desired angle with respect to the longitudinal axis without having to alter the general form of construction of the nozzle, and regardless of the angle of any given orifice, the character of the orifice channel remains in a form such as to definitely project the fuel in a jet which is symmetrical about the axis of the orifice.

It is to be noted that the embodiments above described are examples only and that modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the invention.

Whatl claim is:

1. A nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines comprising a sleeve having a hemispherical end portion and one or more discharge orifices angularly disposed with respect to the axis of the sleeve in said end portion and a plug fitted in said sleeve, said plug having a corresponding hemispherical end portion and the end portion of the plug having one or more cylindrical recesses, each recess being in coaxial communication with an orifice, and said plug having a fuel supply channel communicating substantially tangentially with each recess.

2. A nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines comprising a.

tion,-and the end portion of the plug having one or more cylindrical recesses, each recess having a larger diameter than the diameter of the orifice with which it communicates and said plug having a fuel supply channel communicating substantially tangentially with each recess.

3. A nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines comprising a sleeve having a hemispherical end portion and a plurality of discharge orifices in said end portion, each orifice having an axis disposed at an angle to the axis of said sleeve, and a plug fitted in said sleeve, said plug having a corresponding hemispherical end portion, and the end portion of the plug having one or more cylindrical recesses, each recess having a" larger diameter than the diameter of the orifice with which it communicates and said plug having a fuel supplying groove formed therein, said groove having inclined side surfaces and communicating substantially tangentially with each recess.

4. A nozzle for injectmg liquid fuel into internal combustion engines comprising a sleeve having a hemispherical end portion and a plurality of discharge orifices in said end portion, each orifice having an axis disposed at an angle to the axis of said sleeve and a plug fitted in said sleeve, said plu having a corresponding hemispherical en ortion and the end portion of the plug havmg one or more cylindrical recesses, each recess having a larger diameter than the diameter of the orifice with which it communicates, said plug having a fuel supplying oove formed therein, said groove having inclined side surfaces and communicating substantially tangentially with each recess, and the angle of inclination of said side surfaces being equal to the angle formed between the axis of the sleeve and the axis of 5. A nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines comprising a sleeve having a hemispherical end portion and an orifice in said end portion, the axis of said orifice being at an angle to the axis of the sleeve, a plug having a hemispherical end mg a corresponding hemispherical end porportion, said plug being adapted to fit closely within said sleeve and having a cylindrical recess in its hemispherical end portion adapted to register coaxially with said orifice and a channel in said plug, said channel opening into said recess substantially tangentially and ina direction with respect tothe axis of the recess to cause rotation of the fuel in tion situated so that each tle recess generally normal to the axis there- 0 I 6. A nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines comprising a sleeve having a hemispherical end portion and a plurality of orifices in said end portion,

the axis of each of said orifices being at an angle to the axis of the sleeve, a plug having a hemispherical end portion adapted to fit closely within said sleeve, said plug having a plurality of cylindrical recesses situated sothat each recess registers coaxially with an orifice, said recesses being of larger diameter than said orifices, and channel means in said plug for supplying fuel in. substantially tangential direction to said recesses;

7. A nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines comprising a sleeve having a hemispherical end portion and a plurality of orifices in said end portion,

the axis of each of said orifices bein' at an angle to the axis of the sleeve, a plug aving a hemispherical end portion adapted to fit closely within said sleeve, said plug having a plurality of cylindrical channels situated so that each recess registers coaxially with a separate orifice, and separate channels in said plug, each channel communicating substantially tangentially with a recess and forming with said sleeve a passage for supplying fuel to its communicating recess in substantially tangential direction and in a direction with respect to the axis of the recess to cause rotation of the fuel in the recess generally normal to the axis thereof.

8. A nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines comprising a sleeve having a hemispherical end portion and a plurality of orifices in said end portion, the axis of each of said orifices being at an angle to the axis of the sleeve, a plug having a hemispherical end portion adapted to fit closely within said sleeve, said plughaving a plurality of cylindrical recesses situated so that each recess registers coaxially with a separate orifice, and a single channel in said plug communicating substantially tangentially with each of said recesses, said channel forming with said sleeve a passage for su plying fuel to each recess in substantial y tangential direction and in directions with respect to the axes of the respective recesses to cause rotation of the fuel in the recesses in directions generally normal to the axes of the respective recesses.

9. A nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines comprising asleeve having a hemispherical end portion and a plurality of orifices in said end portion, the axis ofreach of said orifices being at an angle to the axis of the sleeve,'a plug having a hemispherical end portion adapted'to fit closely within said sleeve, said plug having a plurality of recesses of circular cross sec recess registers coaxially with a separate orifice, and a single channel in said plug communicating substanly with each of said recesses,

tially tangentia said channel and said sleeve forming a passage communicating with each of said recesses for supplying fuel thereto in substantially tangential direction, said channel having inclined side walls and the angles of inclination of "said side walls being substantially equal to the angles formed between the axis of the sleeve and the axes of the recesses.

10. A nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into 4 internal combustion engines comprising an outer member having a wall portion with concentric spherically curved inner and outer surfaces, an inner spherically curved member adapted to seat against said inner surface, said outer member having a discharge orifice of circular cross-section extending through said wall portion radially with respect to the center of curvature of said inner and outer surfaces, said inner member having a recess of circular cross-section of larger diameter than said orifice in coaxial communication with said orifice and said inner member having a channel in communication with said recess for supplying fuel thereto in substantially tangential direction.

11. A nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines comprising a sleeve having an end portion having concentric spherically curved inner and outer surfaces and-a plug fitted in said sleeve, said plughaving a spherically curved end portion seating against said inner surface, the end portion of said sleeve having a cylindrical discharge orifice extending therethrough radially with respect to the center of curvature of. said surfaces and angularly with respect to the axis of the sleeve, said plug having a recess of circular cross-section and of larger diameter than said orifice. in coaxial 'communicationwith said orifice and said of said sleeve, said plug having a cylindrical fee recess of larger diameter than said orifice in coaxial communication with said orifice and saidplug having achannelin communication with said recess for supplying fuel thereto in substantially tangential direction, said channel having an inclined side wall and the angle of inclination of said side well being substanf tially equal to the angle formed between the axis of the sleeve and the axis of said recess.

13. A nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines comprising a sleeve having a hemispherical end portion having concentric inner and outer surfaces and a plug fitted in said sleeve, said plug having a hemispherical end, portion seating against said inner surface, the end portion of said sleeve having a plurality of cylindrical discharge orifices extending therethrough radially with respect to the center of curvature of said surfaces and angularly with respect to the axis of said sleeve, said plug having a plurality of cylindrical recesses of larger diameter than said orifices, each'recess being in coaxial communication with an;

orifice and said'plug having a-channel in communication with a plurality of recesses for supplying fuel thereto in substantially tangential direction, said channel having inclined side walls and the angles of inclination of said side walls being substantially equal to the angles formed between the axis of the sleeve and the axes of the recesses with which'said channel communicates.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name.

. KNUT -.I ONAS ELIAS HESSELMA N. 

